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It seems that everyone is buying a new HDTV set this year. Conversation around the water cooler is full of techy buzzwords. When the HDTV standard in the U.S. was originated by the ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee), they defined eighteen different standards, but not all of the standards are in common use.
The standards that you should be familiar with for HDTV (High Definition TV) are 720p, 1080i, and more recently 1080p. The number in the format (for example "720") is the vertical lines of display resolution and the letter in the format (for example "p") stands for the display technique. The letter "p" means "progressive" scan, and the letter "i" means "interlaced".
HDTV (both 720p, 1080i, and 1080p) has a wide screen aspect ratio of 16:9 (width: height). EDTV (enhanced definition) is a standard definition TV (SDTV the format before HDTV), but with some software "interpolation". EDTV delivers a picture that is superior to that of SDTV, but not as sharp as HDTV. EDTV uses progressive scanning. EDTV sometimes has an aspect ratio of 16:9 (wide screen).
For reference, standard definition TV (SDTV, the format before HDTV) has 480 lines of vertical resolution and has an aspect ratio of 4:3. The SDTV signal is the U.S. has historically been an interlaced signal. This means that your TV set draws each frame in two passes: once for the even horizontal lines and a second pass for the odd lines. The specification is a maximum resolution for the technology, but often, the signal sources are less than the maximum. For example, VHS tape has approximately 240 lines of vertical resolution, over the air broadcast SDTV has approximately 330 lines of vertical resolution, and a SDTV DVD has approximately 480 lines of vertical resolution.
The televisions in Europe and Japan have been (and are) progressive format. A progressive format makes a single pass for all of the lines. Progressive pictures look a bit smoother than an interlaced image, especially when there's a lot of movement on the screen, like sports.
To add to the confusion, BluRay DVDs do, and later this year, the satellite TV companies will, broadcast in 1080p. This standard has both the higher number of lines of vertical resolution, and the preferred progressive format. The Dish Network will begin satellite broadcast in 1080p in August 2008 with 150 HDTV channels, and DirecTV will begin both satellite and Internet broadcast by the end of 2008, with about 130 channels of HDTV programming. The satellite companies compress their signal with MPEG-4 techniques, which reduces the bandwidth needed for broadcast. Currently, the only source material for 1080p is movies, especially movies originally made for IMAX. None of the major networks (ABC, ESPN, etc.) has yet announced support for 1080p. In addition, Sony Playstation 3 and Xbox 360 have 1080p games.
HDTV Video Format: 720p, 1080i, and 1080p, the higher number is better, right? Even though 1080i technically has a higher resolution, it is not the obvious choice. 1080i has 1080 vertical lines of resolution and 1920 horizontal lines of resolution. 720p has 720 lines of vertical resolution and has 1280 lines of horizontal resolution. But the 720p system is progressively scanned. This compensates for the lower level of resolution. The 1080p signal is the best of both worlds, more picture information with a progressive format.
If your signal received, for example for a satellite receiver, is primarily standard definition, a 1080p TV will not significantly improve your picture when compared to a 720p TV. The picture quality is fundamentally limited by the source signal (480 lines of vertical resolution). Similarly, if your signal has a 720 source, then the 1080 TV will not improve your picture. All High Def sports broadcasts from Fox, ESPN, and ABC are broadcast in 720p.
Some networks have opted for the 1080i format because it provides the more picture information, while ABC, Fox, ESPN, and the National Geographic Channel have chosen the smoother pictures of 720p. HDTV programming on CBS, NBC, and other networks is broadcast in 1080i. The new 1080i or 1080p HDTVs will probably make this type of programming somewhat sharper than it would appear on a 720p TV. This becomes more important because as the TV screen gets larger, the visible difference in detail between 720p and 1080i and 1080p displays becomes more apparent. Because of this, most HDTV sets larger than 50 inches are 1080p or 1080i.
1080p HDTV System Capabilities:
A 1080p HDTV displays all inputs signals at 1080p, because this is the normal resolution of the unit. If the system is less than 1080i or 1080p, then a special purpose chip in your HDTV scales the signal. It will interpolate, like the EDTV does with a SDTV signal. If the signal is 1080i, the system will combine the odd and even interlaced frames and display the full signal as 1080p. The resulting performance should be similar to a true 1080p video source.
Cable HDTV:
More than 100 million U.S. homes can receive HDTV from their cable system, and all of the top 100 cable markets in the country have available HDTV programming. Unfortunately, most cable providers carry only a few of the 50+ available HDTV networks.
Satellite HDTV:
While HDTV local channel selection is generally better on cable than satellite, the major satellite companies offer more national HDTV channels than almost every cable provider. Both DirecTV and the Dish Network have promised to offer more than 130 HDTV channels by the end of the year. "Satellite's going to be constrained not so much by how many channels they can carry than by how many they can get," Bob Scherman, Satellite Business News.
Summary:
Screen resolution for HDTV has become comparable to microprocessor clock speed for personal computers. Even though clock speed is not necessarily a perfect indication of overall system performance, often the consumer thinks of it that way.
Interestingly, when an expert group, the SMPTE (Society of Motion Pictures and Television Engineers), recently ranked the importance of resolution, it came in fourth. The SMPTE ranked contrast ratio, color saturation, color temperature and grayscale ahead of resolution in importance. The Imaging Science Foundation reached a similar conclusion. However, most HDTV manufacturers bundle quality traits such as improved contrast ratio with higher screen resolutions into their top of the line HDTVs. So if you purchase a set with top of the line screen resolution, you more than likely will receive the top of the manufacturer's product line for other important screen criteria.
Prices have dropped significantly the last two years, but it appears that the rate of price reduction has been slowing significantly recently. "Television shoppers who visit mass merchants may be more concerned with obtaining a low price and may not be seeking expert advice. However, television shoppers should be aware that the lower prices they find at mass merchants are primarily due to the fact that these stores tend to carry second tier brand TVs, rather than major brands such as Sony or Panasonic. When pricing for a specific television model is compared at each type of retailer, the prices are surprisingly similar," J.D. Power's Larry Wu.
And on a final note, be sure to account for the Audio side of your system. George Lucas (Star Wars) once said audio is half the movie viewing experience. It's also true for a good football or basketball game.
About the Author: Brian Bradshaw is a Certified Technical Specialist (InfoComm CTS). Areas of expertise include Video, Audio, Computation, HDTV, Satellite Systems, and Communications. He has a communications technology business in Plano, Texas (Dallas). More information can be found at his Website: http://bradshaw-vacuum-technology.com
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When you go out to shop for your first high-def TV, you may be confused by the many, many different specifications you'll find on each. While a complete description of the different specs would take a book, you can learn more than just the difference between plasma and LCD in just the next couple of minutes.
Start with that difference. The three basic types of high-def TVs available today are the LCD TV, the plasma TV, and the DLP TV, a modern version of the old projection television. LCDs and DLPs are back-lit, making it harder to display clear black colors; plasma TVs are lit in a somewhat different manner, so they have very realistic blacks, but they tend to be a little more expensive and a lot more delicate. A DLP TV usually looks good, and the back lighting is simple to switch out for anyone, giving it perhaps the longest lifespan of any other high-def TV out there, and if you have a projector rather than an enclosed system, you can scale the picture to fit your space - a nice advantage. But DLP TVs are also likely to have the worst picture of the three.
Next, size. All high def TVs have a wide aspect ratio, so instead of the nearly-square traditional television screen shape, they have a movie-theatre shaped screen, often called 16:9 aspect ratio. This doesn't vary, so don't worry about that. (Regular TVs, for comparison, have a 4:3 aspect ratio, though this is hardly ever cited.) Screens are measured on the diagonal, so a high def TV may seem smaller than a traditional TV with the same listed screen size - and it is unlikely to fit smoothly into the same space. Keep this in mind.
Resolution is more complicated. Traditional TV has 480i resolution. This means that the picture on the screen is shown in 480 lines; the "i" stands for "interlaced", meaning that odd lines are shown first, then even lines, with about a sixtieth of a second of display before switching. Our vision tricks us into thinking this is a smooth screen. Rarer 480p TVs have all the lines shown at once, and you'll notice a distinctly better picture.
On high-def televisions, on the other hand, sets start at 720p; most are right around 1080p. Watch this; you want to make sure every video peripheral, like blu-ray readers and cable boxes, are compatible with this resolution. A mismatch here is the number-one reason your high-def TV may not look as good as it should. Also, more is not better; while you can get better than 1080p, if your peripherals don't match (and most won't), you won't get a good picture.
All standard high-def TVs will have specs falling in the following ranges. Try to keep your TV and your peripherals matched as closely as possible, and you'll have the best viewing experience.
* 1080 lines with 1920 vertical pixels; 16:9 aspect ratio; and either 60i, 30p, or 24p display (referencing time between refreshes)
* 720 lines with 1280 vertical pixels; 16:9 aspect ratio; and either 60i, 30p, or 24p display
* 480 lines with 704 vertical pixels; 16:9 or 4:3 aspect ratio; and either 60p, 60i, 30p, or 24p display
When choosing a high-def TV, more lines is generally better, 16:9 is better, and a high number plus p makes for the best display. And while HDTV is backward compatible with traditional broadcast, it's smart to invest in HD channels; the picture is much, much better with a high-def TV.
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Is 720p vs 1080i worth being concerned about? Yes and no. If you're a consumer looking for a new TV, you can happily ignore the 720p vs 1080i debate because every TV which is described as HDTV or HDTV Ready is required to support both formats.
NOTE: You should be aware though that lots of TVs which support 1080i have fewer than 1080 lines and so scale the 1080 signal down. That's not a huge issue as even scaled down 1080i is far ahead of a regular NTSC signal. It is worth bearing in mind that more expensive HDTVs tend to have better scalers than cheaper ones, and this may be an issue.
However, for broadcasters it's a live issue. Should they broadcast 1080 lines of interlaced video or 720 lines of progressive scan? They could just broadcast two signals, one in each format, but that would use up a huge chunk of bandwidth and be hugely expensive for very little gain.
To answer the question, it's important to understand the difference between 720p vs 1080i. A 720p signal is made up of 720 horizontal lines. Each frame is displayed in its entirety on-screen for 1/30th of a second. This is know as progressive scan (hence the 'p')The quality is like watching 30 photographic images a second on TV. A 1080i signal comprises 1080 horizontal lines but all the lines are not displayed on-screen simultaneously. Instead, they are interlaced (hence the 'i'), ie every other lines is displayed for 1/60th of a second and then the alternate lines are displayed for 1/60th of a second. So, the frame rate is still 30 frames per second, but each frame is split into two fields, which your brain then puts together subconsciously.
Most of the time interlacing works fine, but for fast moving images, such as sports like baseball and hockey it can cause problems which manifest themselves as a 'stepping' effect on-screen. Progressive scan signals don't have this problem and so are better suited to sports.
ESPN puts it like this: 'Progressive scan technology produces better images for the fast moving orientation of sports television. Simply put, with 104 mph fastballs in baseball and 120 mph shots on goal in hockey, the line-by-line basis of progressive scan technology better captures the inherent fast action of sports. For ESPN, progressive scan technology makes perfect sense.'
Bottom line? For us, as consumers 720p vs 1080i is not a debate worth worrying about, so you can relax and focus on all the other criteria on your list when you buy your next HDTV.
Kenny Hemphill runs Discounted Web Hosting and is the editor and publisher of The HDTV Tuner - a guide to the kit, the technology and the programming on HDTV.
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480i, 480p, 720p, 1080i and 1080p what does it all mean?
Standard TV from the days of black and white to the present color images we watch every day on television are made up of a series of still images displayed at 60 frames a second in the US and 50 frames a second in Europe. These still images consist of individual lines of information that move from left to right across the screen followed by more lines moving down the screen. With a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) that most older TVs' use for the display, the flat surface that you look at is coated on the inside with phosphor dots or rectangles. A beam of electrons is aimed at the dots or rectangles causing them to glow. With a standard definition TV there are 480 of these lines and 640 sets of dots or rectangles on each line. Each set of dots or rectangles consist of three color dots (Red Blue and Green) and the power or intensity of the electron beam determines how bright each color will be. There are actually three beams moving together across the face of the screen, each changing in intensity as they cross the phosphor dots or rectangles.
Interlaced (i) or Progressive (p)?
In order to reduce the bandwidth, normal TV signals only send 30/25 frames a second to the receiver made up of only 240 lines of information. If that were all we saw on the screen it would look like the old flickering movies. Within the TV set the signal is processed and sent twice to the CRT, the odd numbered lines are scanned and then the even numbered lines are scanned with the same image. This is referred to as an interlaced image and eliminates the flicker. However the true vertical resolution is only 240.
With a progressive image, 60/50 frames a second are sent to the receiver and all of the lines are scanned once for each frame and providing twice the detail as the interlaced image with the same screen. However this requires twice the bandwidth. Keep in mind that non-digital over the air is only 240 lines of original information, you can use a line doubler or scaler to increase the number of lines, but it will never be as sharp as the original image.
Horizontal resolution is much simpler, it is basically just the number of dots, rectangles or pixels across the width of your screen. For example standard definition TV is 640 X 480, the horizontal resolution is 640 for both interlaced and progressive.
Standard Definition DVD Full Screen and Wide screen
With the introduction of DVDs' the horizontal resolution was increased from 640 to 720 to show the wider images of the original movies. Displays with a resolution of "720 X 480 " could show these movies using the full screen width, however when viewing standard TV images, the people are slightly fatter.
Enhanced Definition TV
This format uses progressive scan and an even wider image for "854 X 480" and though is much better than standard TV it still does not come close to High Definition TV. Standard TV usually have a black bar on each side as the people would look weird being so fat.
720p High Definition TV
This format was a big step forward, however when viewing regular TV, you were still stuck back in the old format of "640 X 480". 720P displays have a resolution of "1280 x 720" and use progressive scan for a very sharp image. Scalers and converters are used to boost the quality of the TV images to match the screen. For Analog signals, Component video equipment and cables are a minimum requirement. Video and S-Video will not work. The TV set may accept Video and S-Video, but will not take advantage of the full resolution, displaying a smaller image or through processing in the TV provide a larger image though not as sharp.
The Government steps in with 720p and 1080i high Definition TV Standards
On February 17, 2009, television stations will stop all analog broadcasts and only broadcast digitally. Older analog TVs will require converter boxes to receive over the air programming. Cable or satellite service will not be affected. There are two formats that will be used by the different stations.
The 720p format makes a picture with 720 vertical lines, each with 1280 pixels horizontally or a resolution of "1280 x 720". 720p uses progressive scanning, like computers, which sends a complete picture 60 times per second. 720p provides the smoothest possible motion rendition, but it does not have as much resolution as 1080i.
The 1080i format makes a picture with 1080 vertical lines, each with 1920 pixels horizontally or a resolution of "1920 x 1080". 1080i uses interlaced scanning, like traditional TV, which alternates sending odd lines and even lines and thus sends a complete picture 30 times per second. 1080i provides the highest possible resolution, but has the same motion rendition as traditional TV.
1080p High Definition DVD
Your next DVD player will most likely be able to play 50 Gbyte DVD's that will use an High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) that will also supply up to 7 channels of high definition audio along with the 1080p image. This is quickly becoming the standard for DVD movies in the same way that DVD replaced VCR tapes a few years ago.
To view these movies you will need an HDTV display with HDMI inputs and a DVD player capable of playing the new format with HDMI output. You will also need special HDMI cables to connect the two. Your cable or satellite provider will also use HDMI connections so you will need at least two HDMI connectors on your display device.
There are some drawbacks to the current models of High Definition DVD players. High- bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP), creates a slow down when starting a movie, you may think that you have a problem with your DVD. The player is just talking to the display device to make sure that they are both licenced properly. Unless you are viewing the DVD on a 42 inch or larger screen you will have a hard time telling the difference between 720p and 1080p.
Broadband what does it mean?
You may be using broadband now and not even realize it. How often do you select an online movie from your local cable or dish company? Have you noticed how many high definition features are now being offered? As the selections become larger, watching streaming content will become so common that we will slowly forget about our DVD players. 720p is very common and soon 1080p will also be available. The protection for the movie producers is already there as the high definition boxes use HDMI with HDCP for the high definition outputs.
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) TV's
Then comes the OLED's, we are already using them on the new cell phones and laptops. The first OLED television was introduced in 2008. As demand for larger displays increases and the pipeline that is now full of plasma and LCD screen began to empty we will hear more and more about the color quality of the OLED's. For a few years the resolution of the displays will remain about the same and the sales pitch will be all about the colors. But keep in mind that there is no limit the size of the screen with OLED and it is also flexible. The flexibly will allow for easer handling and installation.
As the size of the screen increases a demand for greater resolution will start all over again. And with the flexibly comes the possibility of 360 degree wrap-a-round screens. Remember that the horizontal resolution is much easer obtain than the vertical so a resolution of 16000(or greater) X 1080p is not out of the question. 360 degree movies are not new, Disney World has had one in operation in Orlando for years. You stand in the center in a large group and turn around to follow the action. A few spinning recliners and the screen raised a few feet and away you go.
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HDTVs with 1080p resolution comprise of 1,920x1,080 pixels, which is the current highest HDTV resolution available in the market. Televisions like, the best Plasma TVs, are now capable of displaying images with this highest resolution in high definition broadcasts. These TVs offer more than double the resolution than the other step-down models, which typically have 1,366x768, 1,280x720, or 1,024x768 matrix formations. HDTV TVs with any of these resolutions fall under 720p category.
Prices of 1080p HDTVs are dropping to a range which is becoming affordable to people. Under such circumstances, the big question is whether you should go for a 720p HDTV resolution, or if you should spend a bit more and get 1080p HDTV. With all the interest that is being generated by 1080p Plasma TVs, the best solution would be to go in for 720p. The reasoning is that, with your viewing material being primarily in standard definition DVD, and HDTV broadcast of sports, there is hardly any difference in viewing between 720p vs 1080p. The HD broadcasts from Fox, ESPN, and ABC are in native 720p, and the images look as good when viewed on a 720p HDTV resolution. The enhancement of resolution in a 1080p HDTV will not be noticed at all since the broadcast signals have limitations to 720p.
There are few prime time broadcasts from CBS, NBC, and other networks which are in 1080i, and quite often your 1080p HDTV has the potential to display the images slightly sharper than what you would find in a 720p HDTV. This difference is not much in a real life scenario, and could be hardly noticed, since the 1080i signals viewed with a 720p HDTV resolution would look good to a high degree. Never-the-less, if you sit close to view a 1080p Plasma TV, viewing a program being broadcast in 1080i, you might notice some difference. But from a higher viewing distance, the difference cannot be noticed. Ideally you would want to get the right screen size and display resolution for the distance you will be sitting at.
The real advantage that you can get out of 1080p HDTV resolution is that, you can get the full effect of viewing from your HD DVD, and Blue Ray which are the only native 1080p sources. The pictures from HD DVD and Blue Ray discs are displayed on your TV screen as full 1920x1080 per frame of video, and are best viewed with 1080p HDTV. If you are a home theater enthusiast, and you have a hobby to upgrade your home theater hardware, 1080p HDTV resolution would indeed add more to your entertainment. Of course, you get this added benefit only if you sit at the right distance.
The trend of 1080p HDTV in the market is growing, as the price keeps on falling. People are going in for 1080p HDTV resolution as it comes within the manageable price range. However, a large majority of consumers are still not convinced about purchasing 1080p HDTVs yet, and would like to wait until the broadcasts are available to make any sense in having 1080p HDTV resolution. The market is still offering its best deals on 720p HDTVs, and for consumers who rents DVDs, or watches Sunday sports and action movies the picture quality of a 720p HDTV may be enough.
If you want to read more about Plasma TV & HDTV Resolution and find out more important details as well as a visual comparison (side by side pictures) of 720p vs 1080p come and visit our site. We also maintain a top of best plasma TV models on the market. You will find that very valuable if you intend to buy a plasma TV and want to get the best one out there.
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